Atrial Septal Defect

Abstract

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is a congenital heart disease that can be asymptomatic in childhood but has the potential to cause long-term hemodynamic complications. This paper aims to comprehensively discuss the definition, epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, indications for closure, complications, and prognosis of ASD. This study uses a descriptive study with a literature review method. The study population consists of scientific sources on ASD and related congenital heart diseases, while the sample consists of relevant literature sources used in the study. The research instruments, consisting of literature sources and data, were analyzed descriptively through identification, grouping, and synthesis of information based on the discussion topic. The results of the study indicate that a significant left-to-right shunt can cause right ventricular volume overload, right heart enlargement, exercise intolerance, atrial arrhythmia, pulmonary hypertension, and Eisenmenger syndrome. Echocardiography is the main examination, while hemodynamically significant ASD may require transcatheter device closure or surgical closure. In conclusion, early evaluation and appropriate closure of ASD can support a good prognosis and reduce the risk of long-term complications.